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HISTORY:
Like all languages, Vietnamese is a blend of several earlier
languages. The basic vocabulary evolved from Mon-Khmer (ancient
Cambodian). Chinese contributed much of the more advanced
vocabulary (and the original writing system) and much of
the grammar and pronunciation came from the ancient Tai
people of South-western China (who were also the ancestors
of today's Thai people).
DIALECTS:
The two major Vietnamese dialects are those of the North
and South. The differences between these are not as great
as the Vietnamese would have you believe, although some
regional dialects border onto incomprehensibility for other
Vietnamese. There are minor pronunciation, tone and vocabulary
differences between the Hanoi and Saigon dialects, but they
are comparable to the differences between mid-western American
English and British BBC English
ALPHABET AND PRONUNCIATION:
Vietnamese has nine vowel sounds represented by twelve characters.
The Roman alphabet doesn't have enough vowel characters
for all of these, so they make up the difference by modifying
some letters with diacritics. They use all of the Roman
consonants except for F, J, W and Z. P is only used with
H to make the /f/ sound, and at the end of words. Y is always
a vowel, making the /I/ sound. They have only one modified
consonant, Ð, which produces a hard (/d/) sound
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